One
of the eight parts of speech in the English language is the pronoun. In order
to be able to write great compositions and communicate well, you must learn how
to use this type of word properly.
: to
make the sound of (a word or letter) with your voice
: to
say or speak (a word) correctly
: to
say or announce (something) in an official or formal way
The
simple definition pronoun is For you to understand the concept easily, you can
look at nouns as actors and pronouns as
stuntmen in movies. When a stuntman takes the place of an actor for a
particular scene, he represents the same character. Just the same, a pronoun
replaces a noun in a particular sentence, but it still refers to the same noun.
pronouns
are very important in written and verbal communication because they avoid
repetitiveness and ensure a good flow of words. They serve as stuntmen that are
always ready to replace the real actors when the actors start to wear out.
Below
is a list of the most common pronouns that you can use to replace different
kinds of nouns.
1.
Personal
Pronoun
Personal
pronouns take the place of specific nouns (the names of people, places or
things). Basically, they are used instead of a specific name to avoid
repetition and to help ease the flow of sentences.
Personal
pronouns help us to avoid constantly repeating the same noun over and over. The
noun that is replaced is called theantecedent.
Paying close attention to the antecedent will help you choose the correct
personal pronoun.
|
Subjek
|
Objek
|
|
I
You
She
He
It
We
They
|
Me
You
Her
Him
It
Us
Them
|
Example
:
Three
days ago I met Ariel. Yesterday I met him again.
My
sister bought a new handphone. She loves it very
much.
Sule
borrowed three books from the library. He must return them in
two days.
2. Possessive Pronoun
Possessive
pronouns are those designating possession. They may also be used as substitutes
for noun phrases, and they are typically found at the end of a sentence or
clause. There are only a few possessive pronouns in the English language, and
there are only two specific rules for using them correctly. Keep these rules in
mind when using possessive pronouns, and you’ll discover that writing properly
is easier
|
Dependent
|
Independent
|
|
My
Your
His
Her
Its
Our
Their
|
Mine
Your
His
Hers
Its
Ours
Theirs
|
Example
:
This
is my book. The book is mine.
This
house is theirs.
This
is your pencil and those are hers.
3. Reflexive Pronoun
Reflexive
pronouns can also function as intensive pronouns but they act a little
differently and they aren’t used in quite the same way. An intensive pronoun
emphasizes its antecedent, or the subject of the sentence. These pronouns are
positioned right next to the subject.
|
Reflexive
Pronoun
|
|
Myself
Yourself/yourselves
Themselves
Ourselves
Himself
Herself
Itself
|
Example
:
She
laughed at herself.
He
himself drives to school
I
myself open the door.
My
father cooked this meal himself.
4. Demonstrative Pronoun
A
demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun that is
used to point to something specific within a sentence. These pronouns can
indicate items in space or time, and they can be either singular or plural.
When
used to represent a thing or things, demonstrative pronouns can be either near
or far in distance or time:
Near in time or distance: this, these
Far in time or distance: that, those
Example
:
This
is my mother, these are my sisters.
That
book is yours, those are mine.
5. Interrogative Pronoun
Just
as there are different types of nouns and verbs, pronouns come in a variety of
forms as well. Pronouns are classified as demonstrative, personal,
relative, reflexive, intensive and interrogative.
Interrogative
pronouns are used – you guessed it – when you want to ask a
question. In many cases it doesn’t have an antecedent (the word the
pronoun references) – thus the need to ask the question in the first place!
The
most typical interrogative pronouns are…
What
Which
Who
Whom
Whose
And
if you add the suffix “ever”…
Whatever
Whichever
Whoever
Whomever
Whosever
Though
the above pronouns are certainly common enough, sometimes using them correctly
can be a little tricky. Here are a few tips to keep in mind when using
interrogative pronouns.
The
pronouns “who”, “whom” and sometimes “which” reference people.
The
pronouns “what” and “which” reference inanimate objects and animals.
“Who”
functions as a subject.
“Whom”
functions as an object of a preposition or object of a verb.
For
example…
Who
are the signers of the Declaration of Independence?
“Who”
is the subject in the above sentence.
To
whom did you give the note?
“Whom”
is the object of the preposition “to.”
Whom
do you suggest we nominate for class president?
Here,
“whom” is the object of the verb “nominate.”
Who
will design the new logo?
“Who”
is the object of the verb “will design.”
6. Indefinite Pronoun
As
the name suggests indefinite pronouns are pronouns that are not definite in
meaning. In other words they are not specific in which noun they replace. They
may be singular or plural, and must match the verb in number.
There
are two categories of indefinite pronouns. The first category includes
pronouns that refer to a nonspecific noun. These pronouns are:
|
anybody
|
anyone
|
|
anything
|
everybody
|
|
everyone
|
everything
|
|
Nobody
|
none
|
|
no
one
|
nothing
|
|
somebody
|
someone
|
|
something
|
|
Example:
Anything is
possible if you believe.
The
second category of indefinite pronouns are those that point to a specific noun
whose meaning is easily understood only because it was previously mentioned or
because the words that follow the indefinite pronoun make it clear. These
pronouns are:
|
All
|
another
|
|
Any
|
both
|
|
Each
|
either
|
|
Few
|
many
|
|
Neither
|
one
|
|
Some
|
several
|
Examples:
Ø Many are
planning to attend the party. (In this case the identity of the group that is
going to the party would have already been mentioned.)
Ø Would
you like to try some of these cookies? (The word cookies makes
it clear what some is referring to.)
Not
to confuse you but keep in mind the pronouns in this group can function as
adjectives if nouns directly follow them.
More
Examples:
Ø Many classmates
are planning to attend the party.
Ø I
checked out some books from the library.
Singular
and Plural Indefinite Pronouns
As
mentioned previously indefinite pronouns may be singular or plural and the verb
has to match in number. Below is the list of singular indefinite pronouns.
|
Another
|
Anybody
|
|
Anyone
|
Anything
|
|
Each
|
Either
|
|
Everybody
|
Everyone
|
|
Everything
|
Neither
|
|
Nobody
|
No
one
|
|
Nothing
|
One
|
|
Somebody
|
Something
|
|
Someone
|
|
Examples:
Ø There
are three groups of participants, and each has its own
requirements.
Ø Someone special is about
to arrive.
The
following are plural indefinite pronouns:
|
Both
|
Few
|
|
Many
|
Several
|
Examples:
Ø Few of
the projects were good enough to go to the science fair.
Ø Several of
the documents were filled with errors.
Some
indefinite pronouns may be singular or plural. It all depends on the noun
it stands for. These pronouns include all, any, either, none, some, more,
most. The rule states that when these pronouns are followed by a
prepositional phrase, the pronoun must agree in number with the object of the
preposition. The verb in the sentence must agree in number with the antecedent.
Sound confusing? Here are two examples:
Most of
the work is finished.
Most of
the books are out of date.
In
this case work requires a singular verb and books requires
a plural verb.
Examples
of Indefinite Pronouns
Does anybody have
the time?
All are
welcome to our house for Thanksgiving.
Tim
doesn’t have any.
Michael
passed his card to another.
Each brought
a dessert to share.
Anyone can
see what’s going on here.
Alice
couldn’t hear anything at the concert.
Everything is
going as planned
Everyone clapped
when the movie ended.
Many missed
the bus.
No
one admitted to knocking over the base.
One could
see the tornado forming from miles away.
Several turned
out for the concert.
Somebody rang
the doorbell.
Holly
gave her ticket to someone.
To
sum it all up, use indefinite pronouns when the noun substitute doesn’t have to
be definite in meaning. Remember that they can be singular or plural in the
corresponding verbs must match the number.
7.
Relative Pronoun
A
relative pronoun is one
which is used to refer to nouns mentioned
previously, whether they are people, places, things, animals, or ideas.
Relative pronouns can be used to join two sentences.
There
are only a few relative pronouns in the English language. The most common are which,
that, whose, whoever, whomever, who, and whom. In some
situations, the words what, when, and wherecan also function as
relative pronouns. Because there are only a few of them, there are also just a
few rules for using relative pronouns. Keep them in mind as you write.
Ø I
don’t like people who lose temper easily.
Ø Meong
that I always feed everyday is my cat.
Ø This
is Tukul whose brother you met last week
Referensi
:
http://www.tipsbelajarbahasainggris.com/7-jenis-pronoun-yang-harus-anda-ketahui/
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar